With native Windows Server commands:. One could use the previous command to check what permissions a user has on a certain directory. I didn't test this in Windows Server yet, but in Windows XP you need to press "d" to start the discovery, or "q" to quit. Disable the firewall completely not recommended unless an alternative enterprise firewall is used that requires you to do so :.
Commands that use external, or third party, or non-native utilities contain hyperlinks to these utilities' download sites. Most commands on this page are very powerful tools.
File types are thus an intermediary between a file extension and a launch command. They exist to allow multiple file extensions to be associated with the same launch command. For example, a paint program might need to associate. TIF and.
TGA files with a launch command. Rather than entering the same launch command in the database four times, the program uses a single file type and launch command, and then associates the file extensions with this type. Any subsequent changes made to the launch command are then automatically applied to all associated file extensions. This creates the file type REXX.
This ensures that the command is handled correctly even if the specified document name contains spaces. Tip When defining a prototype command, it is advisable to include the full path name of the executable file, unless the directory containing the executable will always be part of the search path. File 3. File type 'REXX. File' not found or no open command associated with it. Once a file type and launch command are set up, the ASSOC command associates file extensions with that file type.
This command directly associates. EXE application. The association can be deleted using the following command:. REXX scripts can then be executed using commands such as:. In this example, ARG1 etc. By adding an association to the file association database, the invocation of the REXX interpreter can be made implicit.
These commands create the needed associations, so that a. EXE interpreter. REX filenames containing spaces are correctly handled. Now, the original script command can be simplified to:. By adding the file extension. REX file extension can also be made implicit. At this point, entering a REXX script command to execute is as convenient as entering any native shell command. REX script can be stored in a central directory, and that directory added to the system search path. Tip File association database changes are persistent.
However, changes to environment variables are not. Previous sections described how the command shell implicitly interprets and executes a basic command. In this case, the title text is used as the window title. A command-name must then be present, which specifies the command to run. Following the command name are zero or more command arguments, which are passed to the specified command.
Switches and options placed after the command-name are passed, unaltered, to the command being started. This command executes a DIR command in a new console window, giving the new window the title New Window. Since DIR is an internal command, the new command shell enters Interactive mode and prompts for additional commands after the DIR command completes. EXE command shell. When the DIR command completes, the new command shell terminates, and the new console window closes.
Normally, all commands executed by the command shell inherit a copy of the current environment this is described in detail in Chapter 3. Thus, any changes made to the environment within the current command shell are not passed to the executed command.
These switches apply to all applications and commands, including 16 and bit GUI applications. BAT script at low priority. As described above, the START command does not wait for the new command to complete; a new command prompt appears immediately and new commands can be executed at once. When used in a script, the next line in the script executes immediately. This switch applies to all commands and applications, including GUI applications.
This switch is application only to internal commands and external console applications—it is ignored if the command specifies a GUI application. The REM remark command is the simplest script command because it does nothing. Any text can follow the REM command. REM commands are used for shell comments, and should be used liberally within a script for example, to clarify complex script commands and document the script logic.
The REM command also suppresses the meaning of reserved shell characters within the remark text. For example, the following is a valid remark:. Troubleshooting Tip Because the REM command suppresses the normal interpretation of special shell characters, REM commands cannot appear within a multi-line command. For example, the following is invalid:. The shell combines multi-line commands like the one above into a single line before executing them. Therefore, the shell "sees" the command like this:.
The REM command will include all the text on the line, up to and including the closing parenthesis. The GOTO command is not seen as a command at all, but instead as additional comment text. The CLS command clears the current console window and positions the cursor to the top left of the window.
Subsequent command output begins at the top of the window and works down the screen. The screen is cleared using the current window colors. The CLS command is useful when a script needs to present un-cluttered output.
When a console window is started, it uses the colors set using the Console Window property sheet Colors tab, as described in chapter 1. The argument must be two characters long. The first character specifies the background color and the second character specifies the text color. The text in the corresponding button on the task bar is also changed. It is superior to ECHO for this purpose as it does not scroll text in the console window, and the text is visible in the task bar even when the console window is minimized.
The command controls command echo on a line-by-line basis. By default, the shell displays each command in a script before it is executed. Prefix a command with an character to suppress command echo.
The command can be placed within a compound command described in the upcoming section "Running Multiple Commands" to control echo of individual portions of the command, although the utility of this is questionable.
For example, this compound command will not echo when executed as part of a script:. The command controls command echo on a command-by-command basis. The ECHO command controls command echo for an entire script. This command disables command echo:.
The ECHO command is typically used at the start of a script to disable command echo for the duration of the script. For example, many scripts begin with this line:. This disables echo for the entire script. The echo of the ECHO command is itself suppressed by using the command. The example above is the first special script line that was shown in the section "Special Script Lines" in chapter 1. Once echo is disabled or enabled in a script, the echo state is maintained within the script and within script procedures and nested scripts.
These scripts run in a new command shell, which always starts with echo enabled. In this case, the command prompt is suppressed until echo is enabled again. Typed commands are still echoed during entry, however. The current echo state is used when the command shell switches from Interactive mode to script mode to begin executing a script.
Thus, if echo is enabled interactively, the script begins with echo enabled, and vice versa. However, the shell remembers the original interactive echo state, and recalls it when the script completes. Therefore, after a script ends, the echo state reverts to the value it had before the script began execution. The ECHO command is also used to echo arbitrary text to the console window.
If command echo is disabled, the command itself is not echoed, but the text specified in the ECHO command is echoed. As can be seen, the ECHO command displays the current state of command echo, not an empty line.
The nearest equivalent is to echo something inconsequential, such as a single period. However, NOW prefixes the text with the current time and date. This is useful when the time taken to execute a command must be monitored. Wed Oct 21 -- Start 3. Quick command 5. Wed Oct 21 -- End 7. Most console applications and commands generate output, and many accept input. Applications generally work with up to three streams, as follows:. The default stream input and output provides normal interactive command operation: input is obtained from the keyboard, and output is displayed in the console window.
Note that the distinction between the command output stream and the command error output stream is somewhat arbitrary. An application or command can direct output to whichever stream it wishes. Typically, however, normal output is sent to the command output stream, and errors are sent to the command error output stream. The command shell provides facilities to change the default stream input and output.
These facilities are accessed by placing special command redirection symbols in a command. Command redirection symbols are not visible to the command. The shell processes them before the command is executed and they are not passed as arguments to the command. If the file specified by the redirection symbol already exists, any existing contents are deleted before the command is executed.
Tip Only one command output redirection symbol is allowed per command. It is not possible, for example, to duplicate command output by redirecting the command output to multiple files. If the file specified does not exist, it is created. TXT and then displays the result. Notice that this example does not redirect regular command output, so the directory listing is still displayed. Only error output if any is captured to the file.
This means that command error output is sent to the same destination as command output. The pipe redirection symbol sends the command output of cmd1 to the command input of cmd2. The output from the SORT command is then displayed.
Alternatively, the SORT output can be sent to another command. Finally, the command output of the MORE command is displayed. When the command shell processes a pipe symbol, it actually runs both commands specified simultaneously. The right hand command is suspended until the left hand command begins generating command output.
Then, the left hand command wakes up and processes the output. When this output has been processed, the command is again suspended until more input is available. The synchronization of both commands is handled automatically by the command shell and Windows NT. The pipe symbol is both a redirection symbol and a compound command symbol.
Compound commands are discussed in the next section. Command redirection effects are inherited by nested commands. If a command starts with its command output redirected, and this command then starts additional commands, these commands inherit the same redirection as the parent command.
This is frequently used with nested shells to capture all script output to a file. BAT in a new shell. Many tasks that can be performed in the Windows graphical environment can be performed much more quickly and efficiently by utilizing DOS commands. Also, most bootable floppy disks will boot the system directly to a DOS environment.
Click on a command to receive more information about it. Deletes the selected item s to the Recycle Bin. Delete the selected item s immediately without moving the item s to the Recycle Bin.
Displays the properties of the selected item. This can also be opened from the Files menu. Renames a selected item. A bold rectangle appears around the item. Opens the drop-down list box on the toolbar. Pressing F4 again moves the keyboard focus back to the previously used item.. Refreshes the current window. This can also be opened from the View menu. Expands everything under the current selection back to a previously opened state, or opens only one level if it has not previously been opened.
Moves to the top or bottom item on the screen. Use a second time to move up or down one screen. Repeating the character selects successive items beginning with the same character. When the focus is on a tab selector, chooses the next or previous tab in the current row and displays the page.
Selects a somewhat lower or higher setting depending on the application. Selects the previous or next item. In an multiple selection list box, moves without changing the selection.
Selects the item up or down one screen. Selects the first or last item in the list box. Moves to the next item matching the characters being typed.
In an multiple selection list box, moves to an item without selecting it. Selects or deselects the current item in an extended-selection list box. Extends the selection from the last selected item to the current item in an extended selection list-box. Toggles between overtype and insertion modes. Edit controls only support insert mode.
If there is selected text, moves the pointer to the end of the selection and deselects the text. Moves the pointer to the beginning of the preceding or next paragraph. Not supported in edit controls. Moves the pointer to the beginning or the end of the document. Toggles the StickyKeys feature on and off. Toggles the MouseKeys feature on and off. Use MouseKeys if you want to control the mouse pointer with the numeric keypad.
Toggles the ToggleKeys feature on and off.
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